基于Lucene的多场景检索系统开发指南
官网
https://lucene.apache.org/
一、项目构建配置 (pom.xml)
<dependencies><!-- Lucene核心库 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId><artifactId>lucene-core</artifactId><version>8.11.1</version></dependency><!-- 文本解析工具 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.2.3</version></dependency><!-- MySQL连接器 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>8.0.30</version></dependency><!-- 网络请求处理 --><dependency><groupId>org.jsoup</groupId><artifactId>jsoup</artifactId><version>1.15.3</version></dependency>
</dependencies>
二、基础索引构建类
public abstract class BaseIndexer {protected Directory directory;protected Analyzer analyzer;protected IndexWriter writer;public BaseIndexer(String indexPath) throws IOException {this.directory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexPath));this.analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);this.writer = new IndexWriter(directory, config);}public abstract void buildIndex() throws Exception;public void close() throws IOException {writer.close();directory.close();}
}
三、多场景实现方案
1. Office文档检索
public class DocumentIndexer extends BaseIndexer {public DocumentIndexer(String indexPath) throws IOException {super(indexPath);}@Overridepublic void buildIndex() throws Exception {// 支持docx/xlsx/pptx格式File folder = new File("docs/");for (File file : folder.listFiles()) {String content = parseDocument(file);addDocument(file.getName(), content, file.getAbsolutePath());}}private String parseDocument(File file) {// 使用POI解析不同文档格式if(file.getName().endsWith(".docx")) {// Word解析逻辑} else if(file.getName().endsWith(".xlsx")) {// Excel解析逻辑} else if(file.getName().endsWith(".pptx")) {// PPT解析逻辑}return extractedText;}private void addDocument(String title, String content, String path) {Document doc = new Document();doc.add(new TextField("title", title, Field.Store.YES));doc.add(new TextField("content", content, Field.Store.NO));doc.add(new StringField("path", path, Field.Store.YES));writer.addDocument(doc);}
}
2. 数据库表检索
public class DatabaseIndexer extends BaseIndexer {private Connection connection;public DatabaseIndexer(String indexPath, String dbUrl, String user, String password) throws Exception {super(indexPath);this.connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, user, password);}@Overridepublic void buildIndex() throws Exception {Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM knowledge_base");while(rs.next()) {Document doc = new Document();doc.add(new StringField("id", rs.getString("id"), Field.Store.YES));doc.add(new TextField("title", rs.getString("title"), Field.Store.YES));doc.add(new TextField("content", rs.getString("content"), Field.Store.NO));writer.addDocument(doc);}}
}
3. Wiki知识库检索
public class WikiIndexer extends BaseIndexer {public WikiIndexer(String indexPath) throws IOException {super(indexPath);}@Overridepublic void buildIndex() throws Exception {List<String> urls = fetchAllWikiUrls(); // 获取所有页面链接for(String url : urls) {String content = fetchWikiContent(url);addDocument(url, content);}}private String fetchWikiContent(String url) {// 使用Jsoup解析HTML内容Document doc = Jsoup.connect(url).get();return doc.select(".wiki-content").text();}
}
四、场景差异对比表
| 对比维度 | Office文档 | 数据库表 | Wiki网站 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 数据来源 | 本地文件系统 | 关系型数据库 | Web服务器 |
| 解析方式 | Apache POI/Tika | JDBC直连查询 | HTTP请求+HTML解析 |
| 更新频率 | 文件变动监听 | 数据库触发器/定时任务 | 定时爬取 |
| 存储结构 | 非结构化文本 | 结构化字段映射 | 半结构化HTML内容 |
| 增量更新 | 文件修改时间戳判断 | 增量ID/时间戳查询 | 页面Last-Modified头验证 |
| 性能考量 | 大文件分块处理 | 批量提交优化 | 爬虫速率限制 |
五、典型搜索实现
public class Searcher {public List<SearchResult> search(String indexPath, String queryStr) throws Exception {DirectoryReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexPath)));IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("content", new StandardAnalyzer());TopDocs results = searcher.search(parser.parse(queryStr), 10);List<SearchResult> matches = new ArrayList<>();for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc : results.scoreDocs) {Document doc = searcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);matches.add(new SearchResult(doc.get("title"),doc.get("path"),scoreDoc.score));}reader.close();return matches;}
}
六、实施注意事项
- 分词策略：根据中文特性建议使用IKAnalyzer替代StandardAnalyzer
- 权限控制：Wiki爬取需处理Cookie认证和反爬机制
- 增量索引：建议为数据库表增加last_modified字段
- 性能优化：文档超过10MB时启用PositionalSpanQuery
- 异常处理：添加RetryPolicy应对网络波动
- 日志追踪：在document.addField()时记录原始数据ID
完整项目包含以下模块：
src/
├── main/
│ ├── java/
│ │ ├── indexer/ # 各类型索引构建类
│ │ ├── searcher/ # 搜索服务类
│ │ ├── model/ # 数据模型定义
│ │ └── App.java # 启动类
│ └── resources/
│ └── log4j.properties # 日志配置
└── test/ # 单元测试