Namespace and ContextsNamespace 介绍Kubernetes 默认创建以下Namespacedefault 创建资源时如果不指定Namespace 将被放到这个Namespace中。kube-system Kubernetes 自己创建的系统资源将放到这个Namespace中。kube-public该命名空间中所有对象可以被所有用户包括未验证身份的用户读取。kube-node-lease该命名空间含有与每个节点关联的Lease对象。节点租用允许kubelet发送heartbeat心跳以便控制平面能检测节点故障。Namespace 管理# 查看Namespace清单rootmaster30 ~16:11:17# kubectl get nsNAME STATUS AGE default Active 56m kube-node-lease Active 56m kube-public Active 56m kube-system Active 56m# 获取Namespace资源yaml格式定义文件rootmaster30 ~16:49:59# kubectl get ns default -o yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: creationTimestamp:2026-08-05T07:53:56Zlabels: kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default name: default resourceVersion:47uid: 6bf5fabc-daaa-4f5e-9ea8-acca3234ec2e spec: finalizers: - kubernetes status: phase: Active# 创建Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:50:24# kubectl create ns webappnamespace/webapp created# 注意命名空间名称满足正则表达式[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?最大长度为63位# 直接编辑Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:50:46# kubectl edit ns webapp#添加一个... labels: app_type: nginx....# 查看Namespace详细信息rootmaster30 ~16:52:16# kubectl describe ns webappName: webapp Labels:app_typenginx kubernetes.io/metadata.namewebapp Annotations:noneStatus: Active No resource quota. No LimitRange resource. rootmaster30 ~16:52:41# kubectl get ns webapp --show-labelsNAME STATUS AGE LABELS webapp Active 2m26sapp_typenginx,kubernetes.io/metadata.namewebapp# 删除Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:53:12# kubectl delete ns webappnamespacewebappdeleted# 注意# 删除一个namespace会自动删除该namespace中所有资源。# default和kube-system命名空间不可删除。Namespace 还可以通过 yaml 文件创建。rootmaster30 ~16:53:34# vim ns-webapp.yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: webapprootmaster30 ~16:54:22# kubectl apply -f ns-webapp.yamlnamespace/webapp created操作特定ns中对象需要使用选项-n指定ns例如rootmaster30 ~16:54:33# kubectl run web --imagenginx -n webapppod/web created rootmaster30 ~16:55:34# kubectl get pod -n webapp -o wideNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES web1/1 Running022s10.224.26.129 worker31.ggg.cloudnonenone#在worker31.ggg.cloud查看运行的容器rootworker31 ~15:55:36# crictl psCONTAINER IMAGE CREATED STATE NAME ATTEMPT POD ID POD 840000778f890 5253dc86cc93a About a minute ago Running web0dcb9097a6c0ad web rootmaster30 ~16:55:36# curl -s 10.224.26.129.....pemThank youforusing nginx./em/p/body/htmlNamespace 切换kubernetes 自带工具查看当前所在nsrootmaster30 ~ 09:03:11~# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin此时NAMESPACE列对应的属性为空不属于任何NAMESPACE。设置默认nsrootmaster30 ~ 09:04:21# kubectl create namespace webappnamespace/webapp created rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:41# kubectl config set-context --current --namespacewebappContextkubernetes-adminkubernetesmodified. rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:48# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin webapp此时NAMESPACE列对应的属性为 laoma。kubens-第三方工具kubens 安装rootmaster30:~# wget https://codeload.github.com/ahmetb/kubectx/zip/refs/heads/master -O kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# unzip kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# ls kubectx-master/CONTRIBUTING.md README.md completion go.sum internal kubens LICENSE cmd go.mod img kubectxtestrootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/kubens /usr/local/bin/rootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubens# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/completion/kubens.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/rootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bash#内网下载rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:22# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubens -O /usr/local/bin/kubensrootmaster30 ~ 09:23:31# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubens#配置补全rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:35# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubens.bash -O /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bashrootmaster30 ~ 09:23:40# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bashkubens 命令使用rootmaster30 ~ 09:24:40# kubensdefault kube-node-lease kube-public kube-system webapp rootmaster30 ~ 09:24:45# kubens kube-systemContextkubernetes-adminkubernetesmodified. Active namespace iskube-system.rootmaster30 ~ 09:25:01# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin kube-system rootmaster30 ~ 09:25:10# kubectl get podsNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE calico-kube-controllers-7cb4fd5784-dqv6n1/1 Running019m calico-node-5k2bp1/1 Running018m calico-node-6vpt61/1 Running019m calico-node-7x82d1/1 Running019m coredns-66f779496c-h89xx1/1 Running019m coredns-66f779496c-zqqxd1/1 Running019m etcd-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-apiserver-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-controller-manager-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-proxy-7l9pr1/1 Running019m kube-proxy-9djwp1/1 Running019m kube-proxy-n2bk91/1 Running018m kube-scheduler-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219mCluster 切换~/.kube/config 详解单集群配置获取凭据文件内容不显示敏感信息rootmaster30 ~ 09:27:22# kubectl config viewapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data:DATAOMITTEDserver:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesnamespace:kube-systemuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data:DATAOMITTEDclient-key-data:DATAOMITTED配置文件示例rootmaster30 ~ 09:56:17# cat .kube/configapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesnamespace:kube-systemuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data: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-key-data: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说明certificate-authority-data 指定CA证书通过base64编码。client-certificate-data 指定用户证书同样是 base64 编码。client-key-data 指定用户私钥同样是 base64 编码。# 或者使用以下命令获取不显示具体证书和key内容rootmaster30:~# kubectl config viewapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data:DATAOMITTEDserver:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data:REDACTEDclient-key-data:REDACTED多集群配置示例/root/multi-cluster-configapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetes-1-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetes-2contexts:-context:cluster:kubernetes-1namespace:defaultuser:kubernetes-1-adminname:kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1-context:cluster:kubernetes-2namespace:webappuser:kubernetes-2-adminname:kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2current-context:kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1kind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-1-adminuser:client-certificate-data: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自带工具环境准备rootmaster30 ~ 09:52:07# cp .kube/config .kube/config.1rootmaster30 ~ 09:52:54# cp multi-cluster-config .kube/config查看集群清单rootmaster30 ~ 09:54:13# kubectl config get-clustersNAME kubernetes-1 kubernetes-2查看上下文清单rootmaster30 ~ 09:53:35# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1 kubernetes-1 kubernetes-1-admin default kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2 kubernetes-2 kubernetes-2-admin webapp* 代表当前使用的上下文切换上下文rootmaster30 ~ 09:56:23# kubectl config use-context kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2Switched to contextkubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2.rootmaster30 ~10:00:14# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1 kubernetes-1 kubernetes-1-admin default * kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2 kubernetes-2 kubernetes-2-admin webappkubectx-第三方工具kubectx 安装rootmaster30:~# wget https://codeload.github.com/ahmetb/kubectx/zip/refs/heads/master -O kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# unzip kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# ls kubectx-master/CONTRIBUTING.md README.md completion go.sum internal kubens LICENSE cmd go.mod img kubectxtestrootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/kubectx /usr/local/bin/rootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubectx# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/completion/kubectx.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/rootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectx.bash#内网下载rootmaster30:~# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubectx -O /usr/local/bin/kubectxrootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubectx# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubectx.bash -O /usr/local/bin/kubectx.bashrootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectx.bashkubectx 命令使用rootmaster30:~# kubectxcluster1-context cluster2-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx -ccluster2-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx cluster1-contextSwitched to contextcluster1-context.rootmaster30:~# kubectx -ccluster1-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx -uUnsetting current context. Propertycurrent-contextunset. rootmaster30:~# kubectx -cerror: current-context is notset
Namespace and ContextsNamespace 介绍Kubernetes 默认创建以下Namespacedefault 创建资源时如果不指定Namespace 将被放到这个Namespace中。kube-system Kubernetes 自己创建的系统资源将放到这个Namespace中。kube-public该命名空间中所有对象可以被所有用户包括未验证身份的用户读取。kube-node-lease该命名空间含有与每个节点关联的Lease对象。节点租用允许kubelet发送heartbeat心跳以便控制平面能检测节点故障。Namespace 管理# 查看Namespace清单rootmaster30 ~16:11:17# kubectl get nsNAME STATUS AGE default Active 56m kube-node-lease Active 56m kube-public Active 56m kube-system Active 56m# 获取Namespace资源yaml格式定义文件rootmaster30 ~16:49:59# kubectl get ns default -o yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: creationTimestamp:2026-08-05T07:53:56Zlabels: kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default name: default resourceVersion:47uid: 6bf5fabc-daaa-4f5e-9ea8-acca3234ec2e spec: finalizers: - kubernetes status: phase: Active# 创建Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:50:24# kubectl create ns webappnamespace/webapp created# 注意命名空间名称满足正则表达式[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?最大长度为63位# 直接编辑Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:50:46# kubectl edit ns webapp#添加一个... labels: app_type: nginx....# 查看Namespace详细信息rootmaster30 ~16:52:16# kubectl describe ns webappName: webapp Labels:app_typenginx kubernetes.io/metadata.namewebapp Annotations:noneStatus: Active No resource quota. No LimitRange resource. rootmaster30 ~16:52:41# kubectl get ns webapp --show-labelsNAME STATUS AGE LABELS webapp Active 2m26sapp_typenginx,kubernetes.io/metadata.namewebapp# 删除Namespacerootmaster30 ~16:53:12# kubectl delete ns webappnamespacewebappdeleted# 注意# 删除一个namespace会自动删除该namespace中所有资源。# default和kube-system命名空间不可删除。Namespace 还可以通过 yaml 文件创建。rootmaster30 ~16:53:34# vim ns-webapp.yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: webapprootmaster30 ~16:54:22# kubectl apply -f ns-webapp.yamlnamespace/webapp created操作特定ns中对象需要使用选项-n指定ns例如rootmaster30 ~16:54:33# kubectl run web --imagenginx -n webapppod/web created rootmaster30 ~16:55:34# kubectl get pod -n webapp -o wideNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES web1/1 Running022s10.224.26.129 worker31.ggg.cloudnonenone#在worker31.ggg.cloud查看运行的容器rootworker31 ~15:55:36# crictl psCONTAINER IMAGE CREATED STATE NAME ATTEMPT POD ID POD 840000778f890 5253dc86cc93a About a minute ago Running web0dcb9097a6c0ad web rootmaster30 ~16:55:36# curl -s 10.224.26.129.....pemThank youforusing nginx./em/p/body/htmlNamespace 切换kubernetes 自带工具查看当前所在nsrootmaster30 ~ 09:03:11~# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin此时NAMESPACE列对应的属性为空不属于任何NAMESPACE。设置默认nsrootmaster30 ~ 09:04:21# kubectl create namespace webappnamespace/webapp created rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:41# kubectl config set-context --current --namespacewebappContextkubernetes-adminkubernetesmodified. rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:48# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin webapp此时NAMESPACE列对应的属性为 laoma。kubens-第三方工具kubens 安装rootmaster30:~# wget https://codeload.github.com/ahmetb/kubectx/zip/refs/heads/master -O kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# unzip kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# ls kubectx-master/CONTRIBUTING.md README.md completion go.sum internal kubens LICENSE cmd go.mod img kubectxtestrootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/kubens /usr/local/bin/rootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubens# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/completion/kubens.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/rootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bash#内网下载rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:22# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubens -O /usr/local/bin/kubensrootmaster30 ~ 09:23:31# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubens#配置补全rootmaster30 ~ 09:23:35# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubens.bash -O /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bashrootmaster30 ~ 09:23:40# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubens.bashkubens 命令使用rootmaster30 ~ 09:24:40# kubensdefault kube-node-lease kube-public kube-system webapp rootmaster30 ~ 09:24:45# kubens kube-systemContextkubernetes-adminkubernetesmodified. Active namespace iskube-system.rootmaster30 ~ 09:25:01# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-adminkubernetes kubernetes kubernetes-admin kube-system rootmaster30 ~ 09:25:10# kubectl get podsNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE calico-kube-controllers-7cb4fd5784-dqv6n1/1 Running019m calico-node-5k2bp1/1 Running018m calico-node-6vpt61/1 Running019m calico-node-7x82d1/1 Running019m coredns-66f779496c-h89xx1/1 Running019m coredns-66f779496c-zqqxd1/1 Running019m etcd-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-apiserver-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-controller-manager-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219m kube-proxy-7l9pr1/1 Running019m kube-proxy-9djwp1/1 Running019m kube-proxy-n2bk91/1 Running018m kube-scheduler-master30.ggg.cloud1/1 Running219mCluster 切换~/.kube/config 详解单集群配置获取凭据文件内容不显示敏感信息rootmaster30 ~ 09:27:22# kubectl config viewapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data:DATAOMITTEDserver:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesnamespace:kube-systemuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data:DATAOMITTEDclient-key-data:DATAOMITTED配置文件示例rootmaster30 ~ 09:56:17# cat .kube/configapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesnamespace:kube-systemuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data: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-key-data: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说明certificate-authority-data 指定CA证书通过base64编码。client-certificate-data 指定用户证书同样是 base64 编码。client-key-data 指定用户私钥同样是 base64 编码。# 或者使用以下命令获取不显示具体证书和key内容rootmaster30:~# kubectl config viewapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data:DATAOMITTEDserver:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetescontexts:-context:cluster:kubernetesuser:kubernetes-adminname:kubernetes-adminkubernetescurrent-context:kubernetes-adminkuberneteskind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data:REDACTEDclient-key-data:REDACTED多集群配置示例/root/multi-cluster-configapiVersion:v1clusters:-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetes-1-cluster:certificate-authority-data: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:https://10.1.8.30:6443name:kubernetes-2contexts:-context:cluster:kubernetes-1namespace:defaultuser:kubernetes-1-adminname:kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1-context:cluster:kubernetes-2namespace:webappuser:kubernetes-2-adminname:kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2current-context:kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1kind:Configpreferences:{}users:-name:kubernetes-1-adminuser:client-certificate-data: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自带工具环境准备rootmaster30 ~ 09:52:07# cp .kube/config .kube/config.1rootmaster30 ~ 09:52:54# cp multi-cluster-config .kube/config查看集群清单rootmaster30 ~ 09:54:13# kubectl config get-clustersNAME kubernetes-1 kubernetes-2查看上下文清单rootmaster30 ~ 09:53:35# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE * kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1 kubernetes-1 kubernetes-1-admin default kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2 kubernetes-2 kubernetes-2-admin webapp* 代表当前使用的上下文切换上下文rootmaster30 ~ 09:56:23# kubectl config use-context kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2Switched to contextkubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2.rootmaster30 ~10:00:14# kubectl config get-contextsCURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE kubernetes-1-adminkubernetes-1 kubernetes-1 kubernetes-1-admin default * kubernetes-2-adminkubernetes-2 kubernetes-2 kubernetes-2-admin webappkubectx-第三方工具kubectx 安装rootmaster30:~# wget https://codeload.github.com/ahmetb/kubectx/zip/refs/heads/master -O kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# unzip kubectx.ziprootmaster30:~# ls kubectx-master/CONTRIBUTING.md README.md completion go.sum internal kubens LICENSE cmd go.mod img kubectxtestrootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/kubectx /usr/local/bin/rootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubectx# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# cp kubectx-master/completion/kubectx.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/rootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectx.bash#内网下载rootmaster30:~# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubectx -O /usr/local/bin/kubectxrootmaster30:~# chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubectx# 配置补全rootmaster30:~# wget http://192.168.46.200/class/course-materials/softwares/stage03/kubectx.bash -O /usr/local/bin/kubectx.bashrootmaster30:~# source /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectx.bashkubectx 命令使用rootmaster30:~# kubectxcluster1-context cluster2-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx -ccluster2-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx cluster1-contextSwitched to contextcluster1-context.rootmaster30:~# kubectx -ccluster1-context rootmaster30:~# kubectx -uUnsetting current context. Propertycurrent-contextunset. rootmaster30:~# kubectx -cerror: current-context is notset
平方复杂度无法被常规优化消除｜TaoToken 统一 Key 通道实测)
