The Linux kernel is seeing a steady accumulation of Rust code. As it becomes more prevalent, maintainers may want to know how to read, review, and test the Rust code that relates to their areas of expertise. Just as kernel C code is different from user-space C code, so too is kernel Rust code somewhat different from user-space Rust code. That fact makes Rust's extensive documentation of less use than it otherwise would be, and means that potential contributors with user-space experience will need some additional instruction. This article is the first in a multi-part series aimed at helping existing kernel contributors become familiar with Rust, and helping existing Rust programmers become familiar with what the kernel does differently from the typical Rust project.
Linux 内核中正在逐步积累越来越多的 Rust 代码。随着这一趋势的持续发展，维护者可能希望了解如何阅读、审查和测试与其专业领域相关的 Rust 代码。正如内核中的 C 代码与用户空间中的 C 代码不同，内核中的 Rust 代码也与用户空间中的 Rust 代码存在一定差异。这一事实导致 Rust 丰富的文档资料在内核开发中的适用性受限，同时也意味着具备用户空间经验的潜在贡献者仍需额外的学习指导。本文是一个多篇系列的第一篇，旨在帮助已有的内核贡献者熟悉 Rust，也帮助现有的 Rust 程序员理解内核在使用 Rust 时与常规项目之间的不同。
In order to lay the groundwork for the rest of the articles in this series, this first article gives a high-level overview of installing and configuring Rust tooling, as well as an explanation of how Rust fits into the kernel's existing build system. Future articles will cover how Rust fits into the kernel's maintainership model, what goes into writing a driver in Rust, the design of the Rust interfaces to the rest of the kernel, and hints about specific things to look for when reviewing Rust code.
为了为本系列的其余文章打好基础，本文将首先概述如何安装和配置 Rust 开发工具链，并解释 Rust 如何融入内核现有的构建系统。后续文章将介绍 Rust 如何融入内核的维护模型、如何用 Rust 编写驱动、Rust 与内核其他部分的接口设计，以及在审查 Rust 代码时需要注意的具体细节。
Prerequisites
While support for Rust on GCC is catching up, and the rustc_codegen_gcc code generation backend is now capable of compiling the Rust components of the kernel, the Rust for Linux project currently only supports building with plain rustc. Since rustc uses LLVM, the project also recommends building the kernel as a whole with Clang while working on Rust code (although mixing GCC on the C side and LLVM on the Rust side does work). The build also requires bindgen to build the C/Rust API bindings, and a copy of the Rust standard library so that it can be built with the flags that the kernel requires. Building the kernel in the recommended way therefore requires Clang, lld, LLVM, the Rust compiler, the source form of the Rust standard library, and bindgen, at a minimum.
先决条件
尽管对 GCC 的 Rust 支持正在逐步完善，并且 rustc_codegen_gcc 后端已经能够编译内核中的 Rust 组件，但 Rust for Linux 项目当前仍仅支持使用原生 rustc 进行构建。由于 rustc 基于 LLVM，该项目也建议在开发 Rust 代码时使用 Clang 构建整个内核（尽管将 C 部分用 GCC、Rust 部分用 LLVM 混合编译也是可行的）。构建过程还需要 bindgen 来生成 C 与 Rust 的 API 绑定，以及 Rust 标准库的源码，以便使用内核所需的编译选项进行构建。因此，推荐的构建方式至少需要安装 Clang、lld、LLVM、Rust 编译器、Rust 标准库源码，以及 bindgen。
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